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4 may 2013

will or going to??


1. What will you do next year?
I finished school.
I will finish school.

2. Are you going to work tomorrow?
Yes, I am.
Yes, he will.

3. What are you going to do for Christmas?
I'm going to stay at home.
I stayed at home.

4. Where will you go on you holidays?
I will go to Berlin.
He will go to Berlin.

5. Are you going to call the police?
Yes, I was.
Yes, I am.

6. Will Steven buy a new house next year?
No, he won't.
No, he didn't.

7. Are you going to play cards tonight?
Yes, we are.
Yes, we did.

8. Will you go the party?
Yes, we will.
Yes, she will.

Simple Future

Simple Future

Simple Future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

FORM Will

[will + verb]
Examples:
  • You will help him later.
  • Will you help him later?
  • You will not help him later.

FORM Be Going To

[am/is/are + going to + verb]
Examples:
  • You are going to meet Jane tonight.
  • Are you going to meet Jane tonight?
  • You are not going to meet Jane tonight.

USE 1 "Will" to Express a Voluntary Action

"Will" often suggests that a speaker will do something voluntarily. A voluntary action is one the speaker offers to do for someone else. Often, we use "will" to respond to someone else's complaint or request for help. We also use "will" when we request that someone help us or volunteer to do something for us. Similarly, we use "will not" or "won't" when we refuse to voluntarily do something.
Examples:
  • I will send you the information when I get it.
  • I will translate the email, so Mr. Smith can read it.
  • Will you help me move this heavy table?
  • Will you make dinner?
  • I will not do your homework for you.
  • I won't do all the housework myself!
  • A: I'm really hungry.
    B: I'll make some sandwiches.
  • A: I'm so tired. I'm about to fall asleep.
    B: I'll get you some coffee.
  • A: The phone is ringing.
    B: I'll get it.

USE 2 "Will" to Express a Promise

"Will" is usually used in promises.
Examples:
  • I will call you when I arrive.
  • If I am elected President of the United States, I will make sure everyone has access to inexpensive health insurance.
  • I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.
  • Don't worry, I'll be careful.
  • I won't tell anyone your secret.

USE 3 "Be going to" to Express a Plan

"Be going to" expresses that something is a plan. It expresses the idea that a person intends to do something in the future. It does not matter whether the plan is realistic or not.
Examples:
  • He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii.
  • She is not going to spend her vacation in Hawaii.
  • A: When are we going to meet each other tonight?
    B: We are going to meet at 6 PM.
  • I'm going to be an actor when I grow up.
  • Michelle is going to begin medical school next year.
  • They are going to drive all the way to Alaska.
  • Who are you going to invite to the party?
  • A: Who is going to make John's birthday cake?
    B: Sue is going to make John's birthday cake.

USE 4 "Will" or "Be Going to" to Express a Prediction

Both "will" and "be going to" can express the idea of a general prediction about the future. Predictions are guesses about what might happen in the future. In "prediction" sentences, the subject usually has little control over the future and therefore USES 1-3 do not apply. In the following examples, there is no difference in meaning.
Examples:
  • The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
  • The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.
  • John Smith will be the next President.
  • John Smith is going to be the next President.
  • The movie "Zenith" will win several Academy Awards.
  • The movie "Zenith" is going to win several Academy Awards.

IMPORTANT

In the Simple Future, it is not always clear which USE the speaker has in mind. Often, there is more than one way to interpret a sentence's meaning.

No Future in Time Clauses

Like all future forms, the Simple Future cannot be used in clauses beginning with time expressions such as: when, while, before, after, by the time, as soon as, if, unless, etc. Instead of Simple Future, Simple Present is used.
Examples:
  • When you will arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Not Correct
  • When you arrive tonight, we will go out for dinner. Correct

ADVERB PLACEMENT

The examples below show the placement for grammar adverbs such as: always, only, never, ever, still, just, etc.
Examples:
  • You will never help him.
  • Will you ever help him?
  • You are never going to meet Jane.
  • Are you ever going to meet Jane?

ACTIVE / PASSIVE

Examples:
  • John will finish the work by 5:00 PM. Active
  • The work will be finished by 5:00 PM. Passive
  • Sally is going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. Active
  • A beautiful dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. Passive
  •  

Exercises:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/future.htm

What are compound adjectives?


What are compound adjectives?

Compound adjectives are adjectives that are made up of two or more words usually with hyphens (-) between them.

Examples:

·         An English-speaking country.

·         A time-saving gadget.

·         A thirty-floor building.

How are compound adjectives formed?

Compound adjectives can be formed as follows:

·         Adverb-past participle / noun + ed
a well-known writer
a brightly-lit room
deeply-rooted traditions
a well-mannered girl

·         Adjective-present participle (verb + ing)
a good-looking boy
a free-standing tower

·         Noun-past participle
a tongue-tied boy
a sun-dried fruit

·         Adjective-past participle / noun + ed
a short-sighted man
a long-haired lady

·         Noun- adjective
a world-famous singer

·         Adjective- noun
a last minute solution
deep-sea diving

·         Noun-noun
a part-time job

The cat and the fish


READ AND ANSWER

 
Once upon a time the cat bit the mouse’s tail off. “Give me back my tail,” said the mouse. And the cat said, “Well, I would give you back your tail if you fetched me some milk. But that’s impossible to do for a little mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the cow. “The cat will only give me back my tail if I fetch her some milk.”
And the cow said, “Well, I would give you milk if you got me some hay. But that’s impossible to do for a little mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the farmer. “The cat will only give me back my tail if the cow gives me some milk. And the cow will only give me milk if I get her some hay.”
And the farmer said, “Well, I would give you hay if you brought me some meat. But that’s impossible to do for a little mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the butcher. “The cat will only give me back my tail if the cow gives me milk. And the cow will only give me milk if she gets some hay. And the farmer will only give me hay if I get him some meat.”
And the butcher said, “Well, I would give you meat if you made the baker bake me a bread. But that’s impossible to do for a little mouse like you.”
The mouse, however, went to the baker. “The cat will only give me back my tail if I fetch her some milk. And the cow will not give me milk if I don’t get her hay. And the farmer will only give me hay if the butcher has some meat for him. And the butcher will not give me meat if you do not bake him a bread.”
And the baker said, “Well, I will give you bread if you promise never to steal my corn or meal.”
The mouse promised not to steal, and so the baker gave the mouse bread, the mouse gave the butcher bread. The butcher gave the mouse meat, the mouse gave the farmer meat. The farmer gave the mouse hay, the mouse gave the cow hay. The cow gave the mouse milk, the mouse gave the cat milk. And the cat gave the mouse her tail back.

But imagine what would have happened otherwise:


  1. If the mouse had not promised never to steal corn or meal, the baker would not have given the mouse bread.
  2. If the baker had not given the mouse bread, the butcher would have refused to give her meat for the farmer.
  3. If the butcher had refused her any meat, the farmer would not have been willing to give the mouse hay. If the farmer had not been willing to give the mouse hay, the mouse would not have received milk from the cow.
  4. If the mouse had not received milk from the cow, she would not have got back her tail